Interventions to support infants and toddlers

Seruya and colleagues (2022) completed a scoping review to examine how coaching models were used by early intervention practitioners. Eleven databases were searched, and sixteen studies published between 2000 and 2020 were included in the review. Coaching was described in the studies using a variety of different terms, including family-guided routines-based practice, triadic practice, collaborative consultation, nondidactic learning, participation-based, and caregiver teaching. Coaching methods were commonly used in the context of play, and coaching sessions required a great deal of caregiver participation. Factors associated with successful coaching included caregiver characteristics, caregiver expectations, family dynamics, and practitioner beliefs. Coaching improved caregiver self-efficacy and resulted in better child outcomes. Occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) should use coaching methods when providing services to infants and toddlers and their families.